The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; a number of smaller submarine cables provide connectivity to various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Cyprus; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat - Indian Ocean region)

      Radio broadcast stations:

      AM 26, FM 88, shortwave 4 (1998)

      Radios:

      5.02 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

      36 (plus 1,341 repeaters); also 2 stations in the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (1995)

      Televisions:

      2.54 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

      .gr

      Internet hosts:

      1.626 million (2008)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

      27 (2000)

      Internet users:

      2.54 million (2007)

      Transportation

       Greece

      Airports:

      81 (2007)

      Airports - with paved runways:

      total: 66 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 9 (2007)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

      total: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 12 (2007)

      Heliports:

      9 (2007)

      Pipelines:

      gas 1,166 km; oil 94 km (2007)

      Railways:

      total: 2,571 km standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (764 km electrified) narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge dual gauge: 23 km combined 1.435 m and 1.000-m gauges (three rail system) (2006)

      Roadways:

      total: 117,533 km paved: 107,895 km (includes 880 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,638 km (2005)

      Waterways:

      6 km note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens sea voyage by 325 km (2007)

      Merchant marine:

      total: 869 by type: bulk carrier 260, cargo 66, carrier 1, chemical tanker 66, combination ore/oil 2, container 45, liquefied gas 10, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 115, petroleum tanker 274, roll on/roll off 15, specialized tanker 2 foreign-owned: 64 (Belgium 16, Cyprus 7, Turkey 1, UK 32, US 8) registered in other countries: 2,357 (Antigua and Barbuda 3, Bahamas 209, Barbados 12, Belize 1, Bermuda 9, Brazil 1, Cambodia 3, Cayman Islands 16, China 2, Comoros 6, Cyprus 259, Denmark 4, Dominica 10, Egypt 8, Georgia 5, Gibraltar 6, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 22, Isle of Man 50, Italy 6, Jamaica 6, North Korea 1, Lebanon 2, Liberia 358, Maldives 1, Malta 452, Marshall Islands 269, Norway 3, Panama 510, Philippines 4, Portugal 4, Russia 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 71, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 3, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 15, Slovakia 2, Turkey 1, UAE 3, Uruguay 1, Vanuatu 1, Venezuela 3, unknown 5) (2008)

      Ports and terminals:

      Agioitheodoroi, Aspropyrgos, Pachi, Piraeus, Thessaloniki

      Military

       Greece

      Military branches:

      Hellenic Army (Ellinikos Stratos, ES), Hellenic Navy (Ellinikos

       Polemiko Navtiko, EPN), Hellenic Air Force (Elliniki Polimiki

       Aeroporia, EPA) (2007)

      Military service age and obligation:

      19–45 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 17 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation - 1 year for all services; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2008)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 2,535,174 females age 16–49: 2,517,273 (2008 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 2,084,469 females age 16–49: 2,065,956 (2008 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 53,858 female: 50,488 (2008 est.)

      Military expenditures:

      4.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

      Transnational Issues

       Greece

      Disputes - international:

      Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex

       maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea;

       Cyprus question with Turkey; Greece rejects the use of the name

       Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia; the mass migration of unemployed

       Albanians still remains a problem for developed countries, chiefly

       Greece and Italy

      Illicit drugs:

      a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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      @Greenland

      Introduction

       Greenland

      Background:

      Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 81% ice-capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973, but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament; the law went into effect the following СКАЧАТЬ