The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ hosts:

      1,904 (2008)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

      2 (2000)

      Internet users:

      6,200 (2002)

      Transportation

       Gibraltar

      Airports:

      1 (2007)

      Airports - with paved runways:

      total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)

      Roadways:

      total: 29 km paved: 29 km (2007)

      Merchant marine:

      total: 240 by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 125, chemical tanker 51, container 43, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 5 foreign-owned: 225 (Belgium 2, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, Finland 3, Germany 129, Greece 6, Iceland 1, Morocco 4, Netherlands 21, Norway 33, Sweden 13, UAE 3, UK 2) registered in other countries: 7 (Liberia 5, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2008)

      Ports and terminals:

      Gibraltar

      Military

       Gibraltar

      Military branches:

      Royal Gibraltar Regiment

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 6,308 (2008 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 5,244 (2008 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 190 female: 185 (2008 est.)

      Military - note:

      defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces in 1992

      Transnational Issues

       Gibraltar

      Disputes - international:

      in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

      ======================================================================

      @Greece

      Introduction

       Greece

      Background:

      Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941–44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and Communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted seven years. The 1974 democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001.

      Geography

       Greece

      Location:

      Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the

       Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey

      Geographic coordinates:

39 00 N, 22 00 E

      Map references:

      Europe

      Area:

      total: 131,940 sq km land: 130,800 sq km water: 1,140 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Alabama

      Land boundaries:

      total: 1,228 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia 246 km

      Coastline:

      13,676 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

      Climate:

      temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers

      Terrain:

      mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m

      Natural resources:

      lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential

      Land use:

      arable land: 20.45% permanent crops: 8.59% other: 70.96% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      14,530 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      72 cu km (2005)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 8.7 cu km/yr (16%/3%/81%) per capita: 782 cu m/yr (1997)

      Natural hazards:

      severe earthquakes

      Environment - current issues:

      air pollution; water pollution

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,

       СКАЧАТЬ