The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ billion (2007 est.)

      Exports:

      $4.162 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

      gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticulture

      Exports - partners:

      Netherlands 11%, UK 9%, France 6.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Belgium 4.4% (2007)

      Imports:

      $8.053 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

      capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs

      Imports - partners:

      Nigeria 15.1%, China 14.9%, UK 5.2%, US 5.1% (2007)

      Economic aid - recipient:

      $1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007)

      Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

      $2.204 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

      Debt - external:

      $4.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

      $NA

      Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

      $NA

      Market value of publicly traded shares:

      $13.01 billion (2007)

      Currency (code):

      Ghana cedi (GHC)

      Currency code:

      GHC

      Exchange rates:

      cedis (GHC) per US dollar - 0.95 (2007), 9,174.8 (2006), 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003) note: in 2007 Ghana revalued its currency with 10,000 old cedis equal to 1 new cedis

      Communications

       Ghana

      Telephones - main lines in use:

      376,500 (2007)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

      7.604 million (2007)

      Telephone system:

      general assessment: outdated and unreliable fixed-line infrastructure heavily concentrated in Accra; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with subscribership about 35 per 100 persons and rising domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors (2007)

      Radio broadcast stations:

      AM 0, FM 86, shortwave 3 (2007)

      Radios:

      12.5 million (2001)

      Television broadcast stations:

      7 (2007)

      Televisions:

      1.9 million (2001)

      Internet country code:

      .gh

      Internet hosts:

      24,018 (2008)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

      12 (2000)

      Internet users:

      650,000 (2007)

      Transportation

       Ghana

      Airports:

      12 (2007)

      Airports - with paved runways:

      total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

      total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)

      Pipelines:

      oil 13 km; refined products 316 km (2007)

      Railways:

      total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)

      Roadways:

      total: 62,221 km paved: 9,955 km unpaved: 52,266 km (2006)

      Waterways:

      1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007)

      Merchant marine:

      total: 4 by type: petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3 foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2008)

      Ports and terminals:

      Tema

      Military

       Ghana

      Military branches:

      Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007)

      Military service age and obligation:

      18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2008)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 5,802,096 females age 16–49: 5,729,939 (2008 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 3,737,481 females age 16–49: 3,729,699 (2008 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 273,265 female: 267,204 (2008 est.)

      Military expenditures:

      0.8% of GDP (2006 est.)

      Transnational СКАЧАТЬ