The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ manipulate national legislative elections in November 2003 touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. New elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his National Movement party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Georgian military action in South Ossetia in early August 2008 led to a Russian military response that not only occupied the breakaway areas, but large portions of Georgia proper as well. Russian troops pulled back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. This action was strongly condemned by most of the world's nations and international organizations.

      Geography

       Georgia

      Location:

      Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia

      Geographic coordinates:

      42 00 N, 43 30 E

      Map references:

      Asia

      Area:

      total: 69,700 sq km land: 69,700 sq km water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than South Carolina

      Land boundaries:

      total: 1,461 km border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km

      Coastline:

      310 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

      warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

      Terrain:

      largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m

      Natural resources:

      forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

      Land use:

      arable land: 11.51% permanent crops: 3.79% other: 84.7% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      4,690 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      63.3 cu km (1997)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 3.61 cu km/yr (20%/21%/59%) per capita: 808 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      earthquakes

      Environment - current issues:

      air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them

      People

       Georgia

      Population:

      4,630,841 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 16.3% (male 402,961/female 352,735) 15–64 years: 67.1% (male 1,496,802/female 1,610,725) 65 years and over: 16.6% (male 307,795/female 459,823) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 38.3 years male: 35.8 years female: 40.7 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      −0.325% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      10.62 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      −4.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.13 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 16.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 76.51 years male: 73.21 years female: 80.26 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.43 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      3,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      fewer than 200 (2003 est.)

      Nationality:

      noun: Georgian(s) adjective: Georgian

      Ethnic groups:

      Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5% (2002 census)

      Religions:

СКАЧАТЬ