The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas

      Terrain:

      mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m

      Natural resources:

      timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate

      Land use:

      arable land: 2.3% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 97.27% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      400 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      95 cu km (1987)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.43 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%) per capita: 199 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season

      Environment - current issues:

      soil erosion; limited access to potable water

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

      Geography - note:

      landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes

      People

       Bhutan

      Population:

      682,321 note: the Factbook population estimate is consistent with the first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005; previous Factbook population estimates for this country, which were on the order of three times the total population reported here, were based on Bhutanese government publications that did not include the census (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 30.8% (male 107,360/female 103,093) 15–64 years: 63.7% (male 231,323/female 203,649) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 19,561/female 17,335) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 23.5 years male: 24.1 years female: 22.8 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      1.301% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      20.56 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      NA (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 51.92 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 65.53 years male: 64.75 years female: 66.35 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      2.48 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      fewer than 100 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      NA

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese

      Ethnic groups:

      Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several

       Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%

      Religions:

      Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%

      Languages:

      Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47% male: 60% female: 34% (2003 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 10 years male: 11 years female: 10 years (2006)

      Education expenditures:

      7% of GDP (2005)

      Government

       Bhutan

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan local long form: Druk Gyalkhap local short form: Druk Yul

      Government type:

      in transition to constitutional monarchy; special treaty relationship with India

      Capital:

      name: Thimphu geographic coordinates: 27 29 N, 89 36 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

      Administrative divisions:

      20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha,

       Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, СКАЧАТЬ