The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

       elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;

       special election last held 30 March 1998 (next election to be held

       March 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

       election results: Robert KOCHARIAN elected president; percent of

       vote—Robert KOCHARIAN 59%, Karen DEMIRCHYAN 41%

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or

       Azgayin Zhoghov (190 seats; members serve four-year terms)

       elections: last held 5 July 1995 (next to be held in the spring of

       1999)

       election results: percent of vote by party—NA; seats by

       party—Republican Bloc 159 (ANM 63, DLP-Hanrapetutyun Bloc 6,

       Republic Party 4, CDU 3, Intellectual Armenia 3, Social Democratic

       Party 2, independents 78), SWM 8, ACP 7, NDU 5, NSDU 3, DLP 1, ARF

       1, other 4, vacant 2; note—seats by party change frequently

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

      Political parties and leaders: Armenian National Movement or ANM

      International organization participation: BSEC, CCC, CE (guest),

       CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,

       IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM

       (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU,

       WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Rouben R. SHUGARIAN chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Michael LEMMON embassy: 18 General Bagramian Avenue, Yerevan mailing address: American Embassy Yerevan, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521–7020

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and gold

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the implosion of the USSR in December 1991, Armenia has switched to small-scale agriculture away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet area. The agricultural sector has long-term needs for more investment and updated technology. The privatization of industry has been at a slower pace, but has been given renewed emphasis by the current administration. Armenia is a food importer, and its mineral deposits (gold, bauxite) are small. The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic program that has resulted in positive growth rates in 1995–98. Armenia also managed to slash inflation and to privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in recent years have been largely offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor. The Russian financial crisis generated concerns about Armenia's economic performance in 1998. Although inflation dropped to 10% and GDP grew about 6%, the industrial sector remained moribund. Much of Armenia's population remains heavily dependent on remittances from relatives abroad, and remittances from Russia fell off sharply in 1998.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$9.2 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 6% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$2,700 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 35% industry: 30% services: 35% (1998 est.)

      Population below poverty line: 50% (1998 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1998 est.)

      Labor force: 1.6 million (1997)

      Labor force—by occupation: manufacturing, mining, and construction 25%, agriculture 38%, services 37%

      Unemployment rate: 20% (1998 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $322 million

       expenditures: $424 million, including capital expenditures of $80

       million (1998 est.)

      Industries: much of industry is shut down; metal-cutting machine

       tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted

       wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, washing machines, chemicals,

       trucks, watches, instruments, microelectronics

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity—production: 7.6 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 46.05% hydro: 26.32% nuclear: 27.63% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 7.6 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock

      Exports: $230 million (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

      Exports—commodities: gold and jewelry, aluminum, transport equipment, electrical equipment, scrap metal

      Exports—partners: Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia

      Imports: $840 million (c.i.f., 1998 est.)

      Imports—commodities: grain, other foods, fuel, other energy

      Imports—partners: Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia, US, EU

      Debt—external: $820 million (of which $75 million to Russia) (1997 est.)

      Economic aid—recipient: $245.5 million (1995)

      Currency: 1 dram = 100 luma

      Exchange rates: dram per US$1—535.62 (January 1999), 504.92 (1998), 490.85 (1997), 414.04 (1996), 405.91 (1995), 288.65 (1994)

      Fiscal СКАЧАТЬ