Bacon's Essays, and Wisdom of the Ancients. Francis Bacon

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СКАЧАТЬ 15. Tythonus, or Satiety. Explained of Predominant Passions 364 16. Juno’s Suitor, or Baseness. Explained of Submission and Abjection 365 17. Cupid, or an Atom. Explained of the Corpuscular Philosophy 366 18. Diomed, or Zeal. Explained of Persecution, or Zeal for Religion 371 19. Dædalus, or Mechanical Skill. Explained of Arts and Artists in Kingdoms and States 374 20. Ericthonius, or Imposture. Explained of the improper Use of Force in Natural Philosophy 378 21. Deucalion, or Restitution. Explained of a useful Hint in Natural Philosophy 379 22. Nemesis, or the Vicissitude of Things. Explained of the Reverses of Fortune 380 23. Achelous, or Battle. Explained of War by Invasion 383 24. Dionysus, or Bacchus. Explained of the Passions 384 25. Atalanta and Hippomenes, or Gain. Explained of the Contest betwixt Art and Nature 389 26. Prometheus, or the State of Man. Explained of an Overruling Providence, and of Human Nature 391 27. Icarus and Scylla and Charybdis, or the Middle Way. Explained of Mediocrity in Natural and Moral Philosophy 407 28. Sphinx, or Science. Explained of the Sciences 409 29. Proserpine, or Spirit. Explained of the Spirit included in Natural Bodies 413 30. Metis, or Counsel. Explained of Princes and their Council 419 31. The Sirens, or Pleasures. Explained of Men’s Passion for Pleasures 420

PREFACE.

       Table of Contents

      In the early part of the year 1597, Lord Bacon’s first publication appeared. It is a small 12mo. volume, entitled “Essayes, Religious Meditations, Places of Perswasion and Disswasion.” It is dedicated

      “To M. Anthony Bacon, his deare Brother.

      “Louing and beloued Brother, I doe nowe like some that have an Orcharde ill Neighbored, that gather their Fruit before it is ripe, to preuent stealing. These Fragments of my Conceites were going to print, To labour the staie of them had bin troublesome, and subiect to interpretation; to let them passe had beene to aduenture the wrong they mought receiue by vntrue Coppies, or by some Garnishment, which it mought please any that should set them forth to bestow vpon them. Therefore I helde it best as they passed long agoe from my Pen, without any further disgrace, then the weaknesse of the Author. And as I did euer hold, there mought be as great a vanitie in retiring and withdrawing mens conceites (except they bee of some nature) from the World, as in obtruding them: So in these particulars I haue played myself the Inquisitor, and find nothing to my vnderstanding in them contrarie or infectious to the state of Religion, or Manners, but rather (as I suppose) medecinable. Only I disliked now to put them out, because they will be like the late new Halfepence, which, though the Siluer were good, yet the Peeces were small. But since they would not stay with their Master, but would needes trauaile abroade, I haue preferred them to you that are next my selfe, Dedicating them, such as they are, to our Loue, in the depth whereof (I assure you) I sometimes wish your Infirmities translated vppon my selfe, that her Maiestie mought haue the Seruice of so actiue and able a Mind, and I mought be with excuse confined to these Contemplations and Studies for which I am fittest, so commend I you to the Preseruation of the Diuine Maiestie: From my Chamber at Graies Inne, this 30 of Januarie, 1597. Your entire Louing Brother, Fran. Bacon.”

      The Essays, which are ten in number, abound with condensed thought and practical wisdom, neatly, pressly, and weightily stated, and, like all his early works, are simple, without imagery. They are written in his favorite style of aphorisms, although each essay is apparently a continued work, and without that love of antithesis and false glitter to which truth and justness of thought are frequently sacrificed by the writers of maxims.

      A second edition, with a translation of the Meditationes Sacræ, was published in the next year; and another edition enlarged in 1612, when he was solicitor-general, containing thirty-eight essays; and one still more enlarged in 1625, containing fifty-eight essays, the year before his death.

      The Essays in the subsequent editions are much augmented, according to his own words: “I always alter when I add, so that nothing is finished till all is finished,” and they are adorned by happy and familiar illustration, as in the essay of Wisdom for a Man’s Self, which concludes, in the edition of 1625, with the following extract, not to be found in the previous edition: “Wisdom for a man’s self is, in many branches thereof, a depraved thing. It is the wisdom of rats, that will be sure to leave a house somewhat before it fall. It is the wisdom of the fox, that thrusts out the badger, who digged and made room for him. It is the wisdom of crocodiles, that shed tears when they would devour. But that which is specially to be noted is, that those which (as Cicero says of Pompey) are Sui Amantes sine Rivali are many times unfortunate. And whereas they have all their time sacrificed to themselves, they become in the end themselves sacrifices to the inconstancy of Fortune, whose wings they thought, by their self wisdom, to have pinioned.”

      So in the essay upon Adversity, on which he had deeply reflected before the edition of 1625, when it first appeared, he says: “The virtue of prosperity is temperance; the virtue of adversity is fortitude; which in morals СКАЧАТЬ