The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ of: ASEAN, ESCAP (associate member), IMO, INTERPOL, OIC, UN

      Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Dato Paduka Haji MOHAMED SUNI bin Haji Idris; Chancery at 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 342–0159; US—Ambassador Christopher H. PHILLIPS; Embassy at Teck Guan Plaza (corner of Jalan McArthur), Bandar Seri Begawan (mailing address is P. O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan); telephone p673o (2) 29670

      Flag: yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

      - Economy Overview: The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more than 70% of GDP. Per capita GDP of $9,600 is among the highest in the Third World, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing.

      GDP: $3.3 billion, per capita $9,600; real growth rate 2.5% (1989 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1989 est.)

      Unemployment: 2.5%, shortage of skilled labor (1989 est.)

      Budget: revenues $1.2 billion (1987); expenditures $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1989 est.)

      Exports: $2.07 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities—crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products; partners—Japan 55% (1986)

      Imports: $800 million (c.i.f., 1987); commodities—machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; food, beverages, tobacco; consumer goods; partners—Singapore 31%, US 20%, Japan 6% (1986)

      External debt: none

      Industrial production: growth rate NA%

      Electricity: 310,000 kW capacity; 890 million kWh produced, 2,580 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction

      Agriculture: imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops and livestock include rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–87), $20.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $143.7 million

      Currency: Bruneian dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Bruneian dollar

       (B$) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1—1.8895 (January 1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774 (1986), 2.2002 (1985); note—the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications

       Railroads: 13 km 0.610-meter narrow-gauge private line

      Highways: 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated) and another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved

      Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters

      Ports: Kuala Belait, Muara

      Merchant marine: 7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT

      Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 418 km; natural gas, 920 km

      Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (3 Boeing 757–200, 1 Boeing 737–200)

      Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,659 m; 1 with runway 1,406 m

      Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia; radiobroadcast coverage good; 33,000 telephones (1987); stations—4 AM/FM, 1 TV; 74,000 radio receivers (1987); satellite earth stations—1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT

      - Defense Forces Branches: Royal Brunei Armed Forces, including air wing, navy, and ground forces; British Gurkha Battalion; Royal Brunei Police; Gurkha Reserve Unit

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 104,398; 60,242 fit for military service; 3,106 reach military age (18) annually

      Defense expenditures: $197.6 million, 17% of central government budget

       (FY86)

      ——————————————————————————

       Country: Bulgaria

       - Geography

       Total area: 110,910 km2; land area: 110,550 km2

      Comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee

      Land boundaries: 1,881 km total; Greece 494 km, Romania 608 km,

       Turkey 240 km, Yugoslavia 539 km

      Coastline: 354 km

      Maritime claims:

      Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

      Extended economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      Disputes: Macedonia question with Greece and Yugoslavia

      Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

      Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and south

      Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

      Land use: 34% arable land; 3% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 35% forest and woodland; 10% other; includes 11% irrigated

      Environment: subject to earthquakes, landslides; deforestation; air pollution

      Note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

      - People

       Population: 8,933,544 (July 1990), growth rate - 0.3% (1990)

      Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: - 4 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 13 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 76 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Bulgarian(s); adjective—Bulgarian

      Ethnic divisions: 85.3% СКАЧАТЬ