The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ (cabinet)

      Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Jatiya Sangsad)

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      Leaders:

       Chief of State—President Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD

       (since 11 December 1983, elected 15 October 1986); Vice President

       Moudad AHMED (since 12 August 1989);

      Head of Government—Prime Minister Qazi Zafar AHMED (since 12

       August 1989)

      Political parties and leaders: Jatiyo Party, Hussain Mohammad

       Ershad; Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Begum Ziaur Rahman; Awami League, Sheikh

       Hasina Wazed; United People's Party, Kazi Zafar Ahmed; Democratic League,

       Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed; Muslim League, Khan A. Sabur; Jatiyo Samajtantrik

       Dal (National Socialist Party), M. A. Jalil; Bangladesh Communist Party

       (pro-Soviet), Saifuddin Ahmed Manik; Jamaat-E-Islami, Ali Khan

      Suffrage: universal at age 18

      Elections:

       President—last held 15 October 1986 (next to be held October

       1991);

       results—President Hussain Mohammad Ershad received 83.5% of vote;

      Parliament—last held 3 March 1988 (next to be held March 1993); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(330 total, 300 elected and 30 seats reserved for women) Jatiyo Party won 256 out of 300 seats

      Communists: 5,000 members (1987 est.)

      Member of: ADB, CCC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77,

       GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB—Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC,

       ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN,

       UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WFTU, WMO, WTO

      Diplomatic representation: Ambassador A. H. S. Ataul KARIM; Chancery at 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington DC 20007; telephone (202) 342–8372 through 8376; there is a Bangladesh Consulate General in New York; US—Ambassador-designate William B. MILAM; Embassy at Diplomatic Enclave, Madani Avenue, Baridhara Model Town, Dhaka (mailing address is G. P. O. Box 323, Ramna, Dhaka); telephone p88o (2) 608170

      Flag: green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; green is the traditional color of Islam

      - Economy Overview: The economy is based on the output of a narrow range of agricultural products, such as jute, which is the main cash crop and major source of export earnings. Bangladesh is hampered by a relative lack of natural resources, a rapid population growth of 2.8% a year and a limited infrastructure, and it is highly vulnerable to natural disasters. Despite these constraints, real GDP averaged about 3.8% annually during 1985–88. One of the poorest nations in the world, alleviation of poverty remains the cornerstone of the government's development strategy. The agricultural sector contributes over 50% to GDP and 75% to exports, and employs over 74% of the labor force. Industry accounts for about 10% of GDP.

      GDP: $20.6 billion, per capita $180; real growth rate 2.1% (FY89 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8–10% (FY89 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 30% (FY88 est.)

      Budget: revenues $1.8 billion; expenditures $3.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.7 billion (FY89)

      Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., FY89 est.); commodities—jute, tea, leather, shrimp, manufacturing; partners—US 25%, Western Europe 22%, Middle East 9%, Japan 8%, Eastern Europe 7%

      Imports: $3.1 billion (c.i.f., FY89 est.); commodities—food, petroleum and other energy, nonfood consumer goods, semiprocessed goods, and capital equipment; partners—Western Europe 18%, Japan 14%, Middle East 9%, US 8%

      External debt: $10.4 billion (December 1989)

      Industrial production: growth rate 5.4% (FY89 est.)

      Electricity: 1,700,000 kW capacity; 4,900 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: jute manufacturing, food processing, cotton textiles, petroleum, urea fertilizer

      Agriculture: accounts for about 50% of GDP and 74% of both employment and exports; imports 10% of food grain requirements; world's largest exporter of jute; commercial products—jute, rice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, beef, milk, poultry; shortages include wheat, vegetable oils and cotton; fish catch 778,000 metric tons in 1986

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–87), $3.2 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980–87), $9.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $652 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $1.5 billion

      Currency: taka (plural—taka); 1 taka (Tk) = 100 paise

      Exchange rates: taka (Tk) per US$1—32.270 (January 1990), 32.270 (1989), 31.733 (1988), 30.950 (1987), 30.407 (1986), 27.995 (1985)

      Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

      - Communications Railroads: 2,892 km total (1986); 1,914 km 1.000 meter gauge, 978 km 1.676 meter broad gauge

      Highways: 7,240 km total (1985); 3,840 km paved, 3,400 km unpaved

      Inland waterways: 5,150–8,046 km navigable waterways (includes 2,575–3,058 km main cargo routes)

      Ports: Chittagong, Chalna

      Merchant marine: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 331,568 GRT/493,935 DWT; includes 38 cargo, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 3 bulk

      Pipelines: 650 km natural gas

      Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 16 total, 13 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 7 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: adequate international radio communications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 182,000 telephones; stations—9 AM, 6 FM, 11 TV; 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth stations

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force; paramilitary forces—Bangladesh Rifles,

       Bangladesh Ansars, Armed Police Reserve, Coastal Police

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 28,110,802; 16,686,644 fit for military service

      Defense expenditures: 1.5% of GDP, or $309 million (FY90 est.)

      ——————————————————————————

       СКАЧАТЬ