The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">      exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states

      Climate:

      maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers

      Terrain:

      marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m

      highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m

      Natural resources:

      oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud

      Land use:

      arable land: 12.05%

      permanent crops: 0.35%

      other: 87.6% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      40 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      21.1 cu km (2005)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 1.41 cu km/yr (56%/39%/5%)

      per capita: 1,060 cu m/yr (2002)

      Natural hazards:

      sometimes flooding occurs in the spring

      Environment - current issues:

      air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,

       Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

      signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands

      People ::Estonia

      Population:

      1,291,170 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 14.9% (male 99,748/female 94,051)

      15–64 years: 67.5% (male 417,816/female 459,246)

      65 years and over: 17.6% (male 75,486/female 153,024) (2010 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 40.2 years

      male: 36.7 years

      female: 43.7 years (2010 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      −0.635% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 227

      Birth rate:

      10.42 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

      Death rate:

      13.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

      Net migration rate:

      −3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

      Urbanization:

      urban population: 69% of total population (2008)

      rate of urbanization: −0.3% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.063 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female

      total population: 0.84 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 7.19 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 167 male: 8.34 deaths/1,000 live births

      female: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 73.08 years country comparison to the world: 117 male: 67.74 years

      female: 78.76 years (2010 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      1.3% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      9,900 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      fewer than 500 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: intermediate

      food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

      vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2009)

      Nationality:

      noun: Estonian(s)

      adjective: Estonian

      Ethnic СКАЧАТЬ