The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ 3, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 12, roll on/roll off 9

      foreign-owned: 13 (Denmark 1, France 1, Greece 8, Jordan 2, Lebanon 1)

      registered in other countries: 52 (Cambodia 12, Cook Islands 1,

       Georgia 11, Honduras 2, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 5,

       Panama 11, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Saudi Arabia 1,

       Sierra Leone 2, unknown 1) (2010)

      Ports and terminals:

      Ayn Sukhnah, Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said, Sidi

       Kurayr, Suez

      Military ::Egypt

      Military branches:

      Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command

      Military service age and obligation:

      18–30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation 12–36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation (2008)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 20,619,887

      females age 16–49: 19,785,004 (2010 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 17,733,851

      females age 16–49: 16,942,010 (2010 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 799,377

      female: 764,602 (2010 est.)

      Military expenditures:

      3.4% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

      Transnational Issues ::Egypt

      Disputes - international:

      Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; Egypt no longer shows its administration of the Bir Tawil trapezoid in Sudan on its maps; Gazan breaches in the security wall with Egypt in January 2008 highlight difficulties in monitoring the Sinai border; Saudi Arabia claims Egyptian-administered islands of Tiran and Sanafir

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

      refugees (country of origin): 60,000 - 80,000 (Iraq); 70,198 (Palestinian Territories); 12,157 (Sudan) (2007)

      Illicit drugs:

      transit point for cannabis, heroin, and opium moving to Europe, Israel, and North Africa; transit stop for Nigerian drug couriers; concern as money laundering site due to lax enforcement of financial regulations

      page last updated on January 20, 2011

      ======================================================================

      @El Salvador (Central America and Caribbean)

      Introduction ::El Salvador

      Background:

      El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.

      Geography ::El Salvador

      Location:

      Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between

       Guatemala and Honduras

      Geographic coordinates:

      13 50 N, 88 55 W

      Map references:

      Central America and the Caribbean

      Area:

      total: 21,041 sq km country comparison to the world: 153 land: 20,721 sq km

      water: 320 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Massachusetts

      Land boundaries:

      total: 545 km

      border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

      Coastline:

      307 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm

      contiguous zone: 24 nm

      exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

      tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands

      Terrain:

      mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

      highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m

      Natural resources:

      hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land

      Land use:

      arable land: 31.37%

      permanent crops: 11.88%

      other: 56.75% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      450 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      25.2 cu km (2001)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 1.28 cu km/yr (25%/16%/59%)

      per capita: 186 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes

      volcanism: El Salvador experiences significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (elev. 1,893 m, 6,211 ft), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the СКАЧАТЬ