The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ the French the western third of the

       island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and

       sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the

       Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves

       and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th

       century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint

       L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black

       republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been plagued

       by political violence for most of its history since then, and it is

       now one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Over

       three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in

       1990 when Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was elected president. Most of his

       term was usurped by a military takeover, but he was able to return

       to office in 1994 and oversee the installation of a close associate

       to the presidency in 1996. ARISTIDE won a second term as president

       in 2000, and took office early in 2001. However, a political crisis

       stemming from fraudulent legislative elections in 2000 has not yet

       been resolved.

      Geography Haiti

      Location:

       Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between

       the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the

       Dominican Republic

      Geographic coordinates:

       19 00 N, 72 25 W

      Map references:

       Central America and the Caribbean

      Area:

       total: 27,750 sq km

       land: 27,560 sq km

       water: 190 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries: total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km

      Coastline: 1,771 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      Climate:

       tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

      Terrain:

       mostly rough and mountainous

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

       highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

      Natural resources:

       bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 20.32% permanent crops: 12.7% other: 66.98% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land:

       750 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe

       storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes;

       periodic droughts

      Environment - current issues:

       extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is

       being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion;

       inadequate supplies of potable water

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the

       Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection

       signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban

      Geography - note:

       shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western

       one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)

      People Haiti

      Population:

       7,527,817

       note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

       effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

       life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

       population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

       population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

       2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 42.7% (male 1,637,853; female 1,575,893)

       15–64 years: 53.6% (male 1,962,975; female 2,073,353)

       65 years and over: 3.7% (male 131,784; female 145,959) (2003 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 17.9 years

       male: 17.4 years

       female: 18.5 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       1.67% (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       34.06 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       13.36 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −4.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       СКАЧАТЬ