The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ separatist war in Senegal's Casamance region results in refugees

       and cross-border raids, arms smuggling and other illegal activities,

       and political instability in Guinea-Bissau

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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      @Guyana

      Introduction Guyana

      Background:

       Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had

       become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to black

       settlement of urban areas and the importation of indentured servants

       from India to work the sugar plantations. This ethnocultural divide

       has persisted and has led to turbulent politics. Guyana achieved

       independence from the UK in 1966, but until the early 1990s it was

       ruled mostly by socialist-oriented governments. In 1992, Cheddi

       JAGAN was elected president, in what is considered the country's

       first free and fair election since independence. Upon his death five

       years later, he was succeeded by his wife Janet, who resigned in

       1999 due to poor health. Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was

       reelected in 2001.

      Geography Guyana

      Location:

       Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between

       Suriname and Venezuela

      Geographic coordinates:

       5 00 N, 59 00 W

      Map references:

       South America

      Area:

       total: 214,970 sq km

       water: 18,120 sq km

       land: 196,850 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Idaho

      Land boundaries: total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

      Coastline:

       459 km

      Maritime claims:

       continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental

       margin

       exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

       territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate:

       tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy

       seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)

      Terrain:

       mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m

      Natural resources:

       bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

      Land use: arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.08% other: 97.48% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land:

       1,500 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons

      Environment - current issues:

       water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial

       chemicals; deforestation

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,

       Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and

       Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories

       are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively

      People Guyana

      Population:

       702,100

       note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

       effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

       life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

       population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

       population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

       2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 27% (male 96,775; female 93,077)

       15–64 years: 67.9% (male 240,305; female 236,378)

       65 years and over: 5.1% (male 15,755; female 19,810) (2003 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 25.7 years

       male: 25.2 years

       female: 26.3 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       0.44% (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       17.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −4.16 migrant(s)/1,000 СКАЧАТЬ