A Lie Never Justifiable: A Study in Ethics. H. Clay Trumbull

Чтение книги онлайн.

       Tolerable as Means of Concealing.—False Leg or Eye.—Duty of

       Disclosure Conditioned on Relations to Others.—Deception Purposed,

       and Resultant Deception.—Limits of Responsibility for Results of

       Action.—Surgeon Refusing to Leave Patient.—Father with Drowning

       Child.—Mother and Wife Choosing.—Others Self-Deceived concerning

       Us.—Facial Expression.—"A Blind Patch."—Broken Vase.—Closed

       Shutters in Midsummer.—Opened Shutters.—Absent Man's Hat in

       Front Hall.—When Concealment is Proper.—When Concealment is

       Wrong.—Contagious Diseases.—Selling a Horse or Cow.—Covering

       Pit.—Wearing Wig.—God's Method with Man.—Delicate Distinction.—

       Truthful Statements Resulting in False Impressions.—Concealing

       Family Trouble.—Physician and Inquiring Patient.—Illustrations

       Explain Principle, not Define it.

      V.

      THE PLEA OF "NECESSITY."

      Quaker and Dry-goods Salesman.—Supposed Profitableness of Lying.—Plea for "Lies of Necessity."—Lying not Justifiable between Enemies in War-time.—Rightfulness of Concealing Movements and Plans from Enemy.—Responsibility with Flag of Truce.—Difference between Scout and Spy.—Ethical Distinctions Recognized by Belligerents.—Illustration: Federal Prisoner Questioned by Confederate Captors.—Libby Prison Experiences.—Physicians and Patients.—Concealment not Necessarily Deception.—Loss of Reputation for Truthfulness by Lying Physicians.—Loss of Power Thereby.—Impolicy of Lying to Insane.—Dr. Kirkbride's Testimony.—Life not Worth Saving by Lie.—Concealing One's Condition from Robber in Bedroom.—Questions of Would-be Murderer.—"Do Right though the Heavens Fall."—Duty to God not to be Counted out of Problem.—Deserting God's Service by Lying.—Parting Prayer.

      VI.

      CENTURIES OF DISCUSSION.

      Wide Differences of Opinion.—Views of Talmudists.—Hamburger's

       Testimony.—Strictness in Principle.—Exceptions in Practice.—Isaac

       Abohab's Testimony.—Christian Fathers not Agreed.—Martyrdom Price

       of Truthtelling.—Justin Martyr's Testimony.—Temptations of

       Early Christians.—Words of Shepherd of Hermas.—Tertullian's

       Estimate.—Origen on False Speaking.—Peter and Paul at Antioch.—

       Gregory of Nyssa and Basil the Great.—Deceit in Interests of

       Harmony.—Chrysostom's Deception of Basil.—Chrysostom's Defense

       of Deceit.—Augustine's Firmness of Position.—Condemnation of

       Lying.—Examination of Excuses.—Jerome's Weakness and Error.—Final

       Agreement with Augustine.—Repetition of Arguments of Augustine and

       Chrysostom.—Representative Disputants.—Thomas Aquinas.—Masterly

       Discussion.—Errors of Duns Scotus.—John Calvin.—Martin Luther.—

       Ignatius Loyola.—Position of Jesuits.—Protestants Defending Lying.

      —Jeremy Taylor.—Errors and Inconsistencies.—Wrong Definitions.—

       Misapplication of Scripture.—Richard Rothe.—Character, Ability,

       and Influence. in Definition of Lie.—Failure to Recognize.—Error

       Love to God as Only Basis of Love to Man.—Exceptions in Favor of

       Lying.—Nitzsch's Claim of Wiser and Nobler Methods than Lying in

       Love.—Rothe's Claim of Responsibility of Loving Guardianship—No

       Countenance of Deception in Example of Jesus.—Prime Error of Rothe.

      —Opinions of Contemporary Critics.—Isaac Augustus Dorner.—

       Character and Principles.—Keen Definitions.—High Standards.—

       Clearness and Consistency.—Hans Lassen Martensen.—Logic Swayed by

       Feeling.—Right Premises and Wavering Reasonings.—Lofty Ideals.—

       Story of Jeanie Deans.—Correct Conclusions.—Influence of Personal

       Peculiarities on Ethical Convictions.—Contrast of Charles Hodge and

       James H. Thornwell.—Dr. Hodge's Correct Premises and Amiable

       Inconsistencies.—Truth the Substratum of Deity.—Misconceptions of

       Bible Teachings.—Suggestion of Deception by Jesus Christ.—Error as

       to General Opinion of Christians.—Dr. Hodge's Conclusions Crushed

       by his Premises.—Dr. Thornwell's Thorough Treatment of Subject.—

       Right Basis.—Sound Argument.—Correct Definitions.—Firmness for

       Truth.—Newman Smyth's Manual.—Good Beginning and Bad Ending.—

       Confusion of Terms.—Inconsistencies in Argument.—Loose Reasoning.

      —Dangerous Teachings.—James Martineau.—Fine Moral Sense.—Conflict

       between Feeling and Conviction.—Safe Instincts.—Thomas Fowler.—

       Higher Expediency of Veracity.—Importance to General Good.—Leslie

       Stephen.—Duty of Veracity Result of Moral Progress.—Kant and

       Fichte.—Jacobi Misrepresented.—False Assumptions by Advocates of Lie

       of Necessity.—Enemies in Warfare not Justified in Lying.—Testimony

       of Cicero.—Macaulay on Lord Clive's Treachery.—Woolsey on

       International Law.—No Place for Lying in Medical Ethics.—Opinions

       and Experiences of Physicians.—Pliny's Story of Roman Matron.—Victor

       Hugo's Sister Simplice.—Words of Abbé Sicard.—Tact and

       Principle.—Legal Ethics.—Whewell's View.—Opinion of Chief-Justice

       Sharswood.—Mistakes of Dr. Hodge.—Lord Brougham's Claim.—False

       Charge against Charles Phillips.—Chancellor Kent on Moral

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