Auschwitz, Poland, and the Politics of Commemoration, 1945–1979. Jonathan Huener

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СКАЧАТЬ Scrase, director of the Center for Holocaust Studies at the University of Vermont.

      John Bukowczyk, editor of the series in which this book is published, has offered both encouragement and thoughtful critiques of the manuscript. I am also grateful to my readers from Ohio University Press, whose suggestions have improved this work in countless ways. It has been a pleasure to work with the editorial and production staffs at Ohio University Press, and I especially appreciate the enthusiasm and counsel of senior editor Gillian Berchowitz and the skills of Ricky S. Huard, an exceptional copy editor.

      I am indebted to many colleagues and friends who offered their support while I was undertaking research for this study in Oświęcim, Warsaw, Kraków, and Berlin: Danuta Bielecka, Franz von Hammerstein, Hannah Lange, Annelies Piening, Faustin Plitzko, Jutta Renner, Carol Scherer, and Joanna and Adam Walaszek. There are many at the State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau in Oświęcim who have helped bring this study to completion, especially Wacław Długoborski, Krystyna Oleksy, Teresa Świebocka, and Jerzy Wróblewski. I am also grateful for the insights and assistance of Jadwiga Badowska, Jerzy Dębski, Dorota Grela, Emeryka Iwaszko, Stanisława Iwaszko, Barbara Jarosz, Jarek Mensfelt, Piotr Setkiewicz, Kazimierz Smoleń, and Helena Śliż. Archivists, librarians, and staff at many other institutions were also tremendously helpful: Jan Adamczyk and Marek Sroka in the Slavic Library at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; the interlibrary loan staff at the University of Vermont; the librarians at the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków; and Stephen Mize and Edna Friedberg at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

      Finally, I thank my parents Bill and Arlene Huener for their support over the years, and especially my wife, Marilyn Lucas, for her encouragement, patience, and humor. With gratitude and love I dedicate this book to her.

      Abbreviations

AAN	Archiwum Akt Nowych, Archive of New Documents, Warsaw
APMO	Archiwum Państwowego Muzeum w Oświęcimiu, Archive of the State Museum at Auschwitz
BPMO	Biblioteka Państwowego Muzeum w Oświęcimiu, Library of the State Museum at Auschwitz
CPSU	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
EZA	Evangelisches Zentral-Archiv Berlin, Central Evangelical Archive, Berlin
FIAPP	Fédération Internationale des Anciens Prisonniers Politiques, International Federation of Former Political Prisoners
IAC	International Auschwitz Committee KdAW Komitee der antifaschistischen Widerstandskämpfer in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Committee of Anti-fascist Resistance Fighters of the German Democratic Republic
KL	Konzentrationslager, concentration camp
MKiSz	Ministerstwo Kultury i Sztuki, Ministry of Culture and Art, Warsaw
PMO	Państwowe Muzeum w Oświęcimiu, State Museum at Auschwitz
PPR	Polska Partia Robotnicza, Polish Workers’ Party
PPS	Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, Polish Socialist Party
PZbWP	Polski Związek byłych Więźniów Politycznych, Polish Union of Former Political Prisoners
PZPR	Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, Polish United Workers’ Party
RSHA	Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Reich Security Main Office
SAPMO	Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganizationen der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik im Bundesarchiv Berlin, Foundation of the Archives of the Parties and Mass Organizations of the Former German Democratic Republic in the Federal Archives, Berlin
SED	Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, Socialist Unity Party of Germany
SkAPMO	Składnice Akt Państwowego Muzeum w Oświęcimiu, Document Collections of the State Museum at Auschwitz
StONO	Stowarzyszenie Opieka nad Oświęcimiem, Society for the Protection of Auschwitz
UB	Urząd Bezpieczeństwa, Security Service
VVN	Verband Verfolgter des Naziregimes, League of the Persecuted by the Nazi Regime
ZBoWiD	Związek Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację, Union of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy

      Guide to Pronunciation

      THE FOLLOWING KEY provides a guide to the pronunciation of Polish words and names.

      a is pronounced as in father

      c as ts in cats

      ch like a guttural h

      cz as hard ch in church

      g always hard, as in get

      i as ee

      j as y in yellow

      rz like French j in jardin

      sz as sh in ship

      szcz as shch, enunciating both sounds, as in fresh cheese

      u as oo in boot

      w as v

      ć as soft ch

      ś as sh

      ż, ź both as zh, the latter higher in pitch than the former

      ó as oo in boot

      ą as French on

      ę as French en

      ł as w

      ń changes the combinations -in to -ine, -en to -ene, and -on to -oyne

      The accent in Polish words always falls on the penultimate syllable.

      INTRODUCTION

      The Stakes and Terms of Memory at Auschwitz

      ALTHOUGH THERE IS A GROWING BODY of literature on the history of the Auschwitz camp, historians have paid relatively little attention to the sharply contested meanings of Auschwitz in the years since its liberation or the uses of memory there. Scholars have explored issues of collective memory, public historical consciousness, and, in more recent years, the representation of the past at monuments and memorials to National Socialist crimes,¹ but no thorough investigation of the postwar Auschwitz site has СКАЧАТЬ