Democracy and Liberty. William Edward Hartpole Lecky

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СКАЧАТЬ that Governments should only resign on a vote of want of confidence

       Arguments against it

       Probability that democratic Parliaments will sink in power

       Democratic local government—Success of English local government

       Largely due to property qualifications

       Almost all of them now abolished—Act of 1894

       This is the more serious on account of the great increase in taxation

       The local debt

       Increase of State Taxation in Europe—Its Causes

       Military expenditure—Standing armies

       Buckle's prediction of the decline of wars

       The commercial spirit now favours territorial aggrandisement

       Growing popularity of universal military service

       Arguments in its defence

       Importance of the question to the English race

       Arguments against it

       Conscription and universal suffrage connected

       But the military system may come into collision with the parliamentary system

       National education—Its social and political effects

       Primary education assuming the character of secondary education

       Sanitary reform

       Reformatories and prison reform

       Increased taxation due to increased State regulation—Herbert Spencer's views

       Necessity for some extension of State control

       Advantages of State action in some fields

       Government credit—Enterprises remunerative to the State

       Unremunerative forms of literature and art

       Subsidies to the theatre

       Dangers of State regulation and subsidies

       Change in the character of democracy since Joseph Hume

       Motives that have led to State aggrandisement

       Mr. Goschen on its extent

       Attempts to push it still further—The Manchester school repudiated

       Tendency to throw all taxation on one class

       Tocqueville and Young on English taxes in the eighteenth century

       Progressive taxes of Pitt

       Abolition of taxes on the necessaries of life

       Bentham, Mill, and Montesquieu on exempted incomes

       Lord Derby's description of English taxation

       Taxation mainly on the rich and chiefly for the benefit of the poor

       Adam Smith on the rules for taxation

       Thiers on the same subject

       Advantages of taxation of luxuries

       Growing popularity of graduated taxation—Its early history

       Taxation in Switzerland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand

       In France and the United States

       Arguments against graduated taxation

       Probability that it will increase

       Its effect on the disposition of landed property

       On the position and habits of the upper classes

       On personal property

       Wealth dissociated from duties

       Democracy СКАЧАТЬ