Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain. Richard Davenport-Hines

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СКАЧАТЬ of Internal Affairs, USSR, 1953–4 (as secret police)negative vettingbackground checks on an individual before offering her or him a government jobNKGBPeople’s Commissariat of State Security, February–July 1941 and 1943–6NKVDPeople’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (responsible for state security of Soviet Union 1934–February 1941 and July 1941 to 1943)NUPPONational Union of Police and Prison Officers, 1913–20OGPUCombined State Political Directorate, USSR, 1923–34OSINTopen source intelligenceOSSOffice of Strategic Services, Washington, 1942–5PCOPassport Control Officer: cover for SIS officers in British embassies and legationspositive vetting (PV)The exhaustive checking of an individual’s background, political affiliations, personal life and character in order to measure their suitability for access to confidential materialprincipalIntelligence officer directly responsible for running an agent or assetprotective securitySecurity to protect personnel, buildings, documents, communications etc. involved in classified materialPUSPermanent Under SecretaryPWEPolitical Warfare Executive, UKrezidentChief of a Soviet Russian intelligence station, with supervisory control over subordinate intelligence personnelrezidenturaSoviet Russian intelligence stationROPRussian Oil Products LimitedSIGINTIntelligence from intercepted foreign signals and communications. Human intervention is needed to turn the raw product into useful intelligenceSIMESecurity Intelligence Middle EastSISSecret Intelligence Service (MI6), 1909–SSSecurity Service (MI5, under which name it was founded in 1909), 1931–tradecraftAcquired techniques of espionage and counterintelligencevorónLiterally ‘raven’: a male Russian operative used for sexual seduction

       Illustration Credits

      – Sir Robert Vansittart, head of the Foreign Office. (Popperfoto/Getty Images)

      – Cecil L’Estrange Malone, Leninist MP for Leyton East. (Associated Newspapers/REX/Shutterstock)

      – Jack Hayes, the MP whose detective agency manned by aggrieved ex-policemen spied for Moscow. (© National Portrait Gallery, London)

      – MI5’s agent M/1, Graham Pollard. (Esther Potter)

      – MI5’s agent M/12, Olga Gray. (Valerie Lippay)

      – Percy Glading, leader of the Woolwich Arsenal and Holland Road spy ring. (Keystone Pictures USA/Alamy Stock Photo)

      – Wilfrid Vernon, the MP who filched aviation secrets for Stalinist Russia and spoke up for Maoist China. (Daily Mail/REX/Shutterstock)

      – Maurice Dobb, Cambridge economist. (Peter Lofts)

      – Anthony Blunt boating party on the River Ouse in 1930. (Lytton Strachey/Frances Partridge/Getty Images)

      – Moscow’s talent scout Edith Tudor-Hart. (Attributed to Edith Tudor-Hart; print by Joanna Kane. Edith Tudor-Hart. National Galleries of Scotland / Archive presented by Wolfgang Suschitzky 2004. © Copyright held jointly by Peter Suschitzky, Julie Donat and Misha Donat)

      – Pall Mall during the Blitz. (Central Press/Getty Images)

      – Andrew Cohen, as Governor of Uganda, shares a dais with the Kabaka of Buganda. (Terence Spencer/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images)

      – Philby’s early associate Peter Smolka. (Centropa)

      – Alexander Foote, who spied for Soviet Russia before defecting to the British in Berlin and cooperating with MI5. (Popperfoto/Getty Images)

      – Igor Gouzenko, the Russian cipher clerk who defected in 1945. (Bettmann/Getty Images)

      – Donald Maclean perched on Jock Balfour’s desk at the Washington embassy, with Nicholas Henderson and Denis Greenhill. (Popperfoto/Getty Images)

      – Special Branch’s Jim Skardon, prime interrogator of Soviet spies. (Associated Newspapers/REX/Shutterstock)

      – Lord Inverchapel appreciating young American manhood. (Photo by JHU Sheridan Libraries/Gado/Getty Images)

      – A carefree family without a secret in the world: Melinda and Donald Maclean. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)

      – Dora Philby and her son in her Kensington flat. (Photo by Harold Clements/Express/Getty Images)

      – Philby’s wife Aileen facing prying journalists at her front door. (Associated Newspapers/REX/Shutterstock)

      – Alan Nunn May, after his release from prison, enjoys the consumer durables of the Affluent Society. (Keystone Pictures USA/Alamy Stock Photo)

      – The exiled Guy Burgess. (Popperfoto/Getty Images)

      – John Vassall. (Trinity Mirror/Mirrorpix/Alamy Stock Photo)

      – George Blake. (Photo by Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

      – George Brown, Foreign Secretary. (Clive Limpkin/Associated Newspapers /REX/Shutterstock)

      – Richard Crossman. (Photo by Len Trievnor/Daily Express/Getty Images)

      – Daily Express journalist Sefton Delmer. (Photo by Ronald Dumont/Express/Getty Images)

      – Maurice Oldfield of SIS – with his mother and sister outside Buckingham Palace. (©UPP/TopFoto)

       Aims

      In planning this book and arranging its evidence I have been guided by the social anthropologist Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard. ‘Events lose much, even all, of their meaning if they are not seen as having some degree of regularity and constancy, as belonging to a certain type of event, all instances of which have many features in common,’ he wrote. ‘King John’s struggle with the barons is meaningful only when the relations of the barons to Henry I, Stephen, Henry II, and Richard are also known; and also when the relations between the kings and barons in other countries with feudal institutions are known.’ Similarly, the intelligence services’ dealings with the Cambridge ring of five are best understood when the services’ relations with other spy networks working for Moscow are put alongside them. The significance of Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross, and the actions of counter-espionage officers pitted against them, make sense only when they are seen in a continuum with Jack Hayes, Norman Ewer, George Slocombe, Ernest Oldham, Wilfrid Vernon, Percy Glading, Alan Nunn May, William Marshall and John Vassall.

      Enemies Within is a set of studies in character: incidentally of individual character, but primarily a study of institutional character. The operative traits of boarding schools, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Intelligence Division, the Foreign Office, MI5, MI6 and Moscow Centre are the book’s subjects. Historians fumble their catches when they study individuals’ motives and individuals’ ideas rather than the institutions in which people work, respond, find motivation СКАЧАТЬ