Risk Assessment. Georgi Popov

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       Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics. (BS OHSAS 18001‐2007)

       The act of anticipating, detecting, and identifying existing and potential hazards and their characteristics. (Authors)

       Risks arising from property, liability, or personnel loss exposures which are generally the subject of insurance. (The Institutes)

       Prevent entry of hazards into a workplace by selecting and incorporating appropriate technology and work methods criteria during the design processes. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))

       Eliminate workplace and work methods risks that have been discovered. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))Author’s Cautionary Note: In risk management, care must be taken when using absolute terms such as “eliminate” or “stop” or “prevent” as they imply the false confidence belief that zero risk is achievable. Risk management can never reduce risk to zero. Usually, only some risk factors which form parts of a risk scenario can be absolutely removed or eliminated. More often than not, risk treatment is usually about substituting a lower risk ‐ risk factor rather than completely eliminating a risk. For example, a highly toxic solvent may be replaced by a less toxic solvent. So in some respects the exposure to the highly toxic solvent has been eliminated but there has been essentially a reduction in risk by substitution not elimination. Also be careful with believing that simply declaring a rule that a particular solvent is not to be used, is no guarantee that the chances of further use and exposure has been completely eliminated. (Whiting 2013)

       Involving exposure to at least one hazard. (NFPA 70E‐2018)

       An event that can cause harm. (ANSI B11.0‐2020)

       A circumstance in which a person is exposed to a hazard(s). (ANSI B11.0‐2020)

       A systematic approach to avoiding, eliminating, controlling, and reducing risks, considering steps in a ranked and sequential order, beginning with avoidance, elimination, and substitution. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))

       Human factors is concerned with the application of what we know about people, their abilities, characteristics, and limitations to the design of equipment they use, environments in which they function, and jobs they perform. (Human Factors and Ergonomics Society)

       Applied human factors engineering is “the designing of systems with the user in mind.” (Authors)

       An event in which a work‐related injury or illness (regardless of severity) or fatality occurred or could have occurred (commonly referred to as a “close call” or “near miss”). (ANSI/ASSP Z10.0‐2019)

       Occurrence arising out of, or in the course of, work that could or does result in injury and ill health. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)

       The first assessment of the potential risk of an identified hazard. Initial risk establishes a fixed baseline for the hazard. (MIL‐STD‐882E‐2012)

       Adverse effect on the physical, mental, or cognitive condition of a person. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)

       Magnitude of a risk or combination of risks, expressed in terms of the combination of consequences and their likelihood. (ISO Guide 73/ANSI/ASSP Z690.1‐2011)

       The phases of design, construction, operation, maintenance, and disposal for a facility, equipment, process, and material. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))

       The phases of a machine including but not necessarily limited to: planning and specification; acquisition and contracting; design and construction; transport and commissioning, reassembly, installation, initial adjustment, relocation; operation and maintenance (e.g. setting, teaching/programming, process changeover, cleaning, planned or unplanned maintenance, trouble‐shooting); modification; decommissioning, dismantling, and, as far as safety is concerned, disposal. (ANSI B11.0‐2020)

       All phases of the system’s life, including design, research, development, test and evaluation, production, deployment (inventory), operations and support, and disposal. (MIL‐STD‐882E‐2012)

       Chance of something happening. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 31000‐2018; ANSI/ASSP/ISO 31010‐2019)

       “Likelihood” is a general term that can be expressed specifically as a “Frequency” or “Probability” of the future occurrence of the chosen consequence scenario. The Likelihood of the complete scenario needs to include estimates of the likelihoods of each scenario event and circumstance so as to obtain an overall likelihood. This compounding of contributing likelihoods can be qualitative or quantitative. (Whiting 2013)

       Author’s Cautionary Note: It is very useful for novice risk assessors to clearly distinguish between the terms “likelihood” and “probability” and “frequency.” The effective way of avoiding confusion of terms is to use “likelihood” as the generic term with “probability” and ‘frequency as being alternative ways or subsets of expressing likelihood. This can be illustrated by improving the way in which the likelihood scale can better provide guidance of how to estimate likelihood more reliably and consistently.

       Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives and processes to achieve those objectives. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)

       Process to determine a value. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)